1 00:00:01,220 --> 00:00:07,440 In this grammar refresh, we'll start by looking at a few of the uses, the past tense. 2 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:15,260 Now, the first use is its most obvious use, and that is to just talk about a definite action that 3 00:00:15,260 --> 00:00:17,540 has been completed in the past. 4 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:20,410 So this action has happened. 5 00:00:20,420 --> 00:00:21,170 It's done. 6 00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:23,870 And that's when we use this past tense. 7 00:00:24,360 --> 00:00:29,960 For example, here I sent my CV and references exactly a week ago. 8 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:31,700 Here I sent. 9 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:38,040 Asked tents, this action has happened, it has been completed. 10 00:00:40,420 --> 00:00:48,130 But we can also use to talk about how someone felt about something so you can see in this last sentence 11 00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:52,390 it says, I don't think they liked my bold move. 12 00:00:53,380 --> 00:00:54,730 So here we're talking about how. 13 00:00:56,410 --> 00:01:01,270 What we think they felt right and we think they didn't like. 14 00:01:03,390 --> 00:01:08,460 Or I don't think they liked my bold move, but let me read the full example. 15 00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:17,330 I sent my CV and references exactly a week ago, they haven't replied yet, I didn't want to wait. 16 00:01:17,810 --> 00:01:18,860 I called them first. 17 00:01:19,750 --> 00:01:22,390 I don't think they liked my bold move. 18 00:01:24,270 --> 00:01:32,190 So we can pick out all the possible tents we have sent here, haven't replied, I have not replied, 19 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:38,910 but that is in the past simple tents they didn't want, did not want. 20 00:01:41,340 --> 00:01:43,440 There and liked. 21 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:51,330 The next part of the grammar refresh is talking about introductory elements. 22 00:01:52,230 --> 00:01:56,150 These are things that you put in the beginning of your main sentence. 23 00:01:56,580 --> 00:02:04,980 There are within the main sentence, but at the beginning of it, it kind of adds a pause to the sentence. 24 00:02:05,460 --> 00:02:08,070 It's kind of sets up the main point. 25 00:02:08,700 --> 00:02:13,530 Now, when you're writing these, you're always going to place a comma at the end of them. 26 00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:17,580 When you're speaking, you're always going to pause after that. 27 00:02:18,530 --> 00:02:25,760 All right, let's take a look at our examples, the first one, after a week of waiting, I finally 28 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,090 got a job after so you can see the comedy here. 29 00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:33,320 The introductory phrase is after a week of waiting. 30 00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:37,730 And you notice I put that puzzle after a week of waiting. 31 00:02:38,840 --> 00:02:40,280 I finally got a job offer. 32 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:44,560 The next example since I'm relocating. 33 00:02:45,610 --> 00:02:47,100 I need to find a new job. 34 00:02:48,580 --> 00:02:49,450 And the last one. 35 00:02:50,400 --> 00:02:51,240 In the end. 36 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:54,460 I can only wait for their decision now. 37 00:02:56,340 --> 00:03:00,660 So, again, make sure you have the collar in there if you're writing, and make sure you add a little 38 00:03:00,660 --> 00:03:03,870 bit of a pause if they're using these when you speak.