All right, in this grammar refresh, we will be going over the present perfect continuous.
But the verb tense isn't perfect and tenuous.
Now, this is a verb tense that you will use when you're trying to express or talk about some action
that happened in our past.
It all started in the past, but then it continued happening.
It never stopped, but started in the past, continued happening up until the time that you're talking
about it.
So here we're talking about an ongoing action.
And so that is the continuous part and it's ongoing and the present perfect means that it started at
some point in the past and continued up until.
Now, at the time we're talking about it, so to make this verb tense, this present perfect continuous,
the structure is going to be as follows.
First, you have a form of the verb to have.
So you're going to either have as or have depending on your subject.
I have or you have.
But for he or she or it he, as he has and so have or has after that, we follow it with the past participle
of the verb to be, which has been.
But together, we have have been or has been.
Now, the last part, you just take your main verb.
And you change it to its present participle in this ISG form.
If we look at our first example, it says, I've been dreaming of going to Brazil for years.
So here the main verb is to drink.
So it's in its present, artists perform dreaming, but I've been dreaming, which means I have I've
I have been dreaming or I've been dreaming of going to Brazil for years now.
Many times when we use this present perfect, continuous well have some kind of time marker in our sentence.
For example, the first sentence we just read as the time marker for years.
So we know how long.
The duration or how long this action has been happening.
And I've been dreaming of going to Brazil for years.
I've been dreaming that is the present perfect English, the next example is Sarah hasn't been studying
lately.
She's been very lazy.
Here again, we're using the present perfect continuous and it hasn't been studying.
But what does this mean?
It means that at some point in the past.
Started or did not start the action of study, right, and that continued up until this present time
that we're talking about it.
It hasn't been studied and you'll notice this is a negative or right has in our example sentence is
contracted with the word, not with, hasn't it?
You can write it as a contraction hasn't or you can separate it as not.
But just make sure you realize that not those between has and been there has not been studied or Sarah
hasn't been studied.
With this grammar refresh, we're going to go over how we can use a few prepositions when talking about
transportation option.
So remote transportation option.
And again, transportation options means things that get you from one place to another are plane, things
like that right now for most transportation options.
We're going to use the preposition by.
So I went by plane and went by bus.
Now, the only time we don't use by is when the way that we went somewhere was for walking, if we walked
somewhere.
We don't say by foot or by, but we got it, we say on foot, we're going to switch that preposition
to on if we're talking about walking.
But let's look at our examples so we can see how clear this becomes.
The first example says traveling is so easy now, you can go by plane, by train, by car.
Our options are unlimited, right?
But you can see by plane, by train, by car or all transportation options.
The second example, you'll see how we change that.
The second example says, I'd rather go on foot.
It's easier to take pictures and appreciate whatever you see on your way.
So here you'll notice it's not.
I'd rather go by foot, that is not correct here you're going to say I'd rather go on.