In this Granma refresh, we're going to start by looking at introductory elements and we looked at this
before, but it's nice to see them again with different example sentences that you can kind of understand
how they work.
So.
Remember these introductory elements, when you're writing them, you're always going to use a comma
after them and when you're speaking, you're always going to put that pause in there after you say the
introductory element.
So let's look at our examples.
The first one is after a year long unemployment, he finally found a job.
So after a year long unemployment.
They finally found a job.
The next example, since I'm quitting my job.
I want to travel the world for a bit.
So, again, these introductory elements, they kind of set up the situation, right?
They kind of set the scene.
And the last one is therefore.
I am handing in my two weeks notice now.
So you'll notice even a simple word can be used as an introductory element.
The next part of the grammar refresh is we're going to look at this phrase that is must have it or you
can say must have it right.
Must have not.
But this phrase must have.
Although normally by something that someone did something that something happened, and we use this
phrase when we're making a guess about something in the past, it but it's kind of a strong guess,
right?
We have a really strong reason we're thinking this.
But let's look at our example.
And the first one is you look sad.
Something bad must have happened, right?
It must have happened.
That means we're we're really sure something bad happened.
And that's why you're sad.
The next example, sadly, isn't at the office today, it must have caught a cold, it was raining cats
and dogs yesterday.
Its first raining cats and dogs is an expression.
And, you know, obviously it can't rain cats and dogs in English.
That means that it's raining a lot.
There's a lot of rain.
And, you know, we use this phrase, she must have caught a cold.
And then we followed with it was raining cats and dogs.
That's the reason why we say must have it's like our evidence.
And if you want, you can contract this, right?
She must have.
Must have.
We just say the part.
It must have caught a cold.